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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Freezing tolerance ： ウィキペディア英語版 Freezing tolerance Freezing tolerance describes the ability of plants to withstand subzero temperatures through the formation of ice crystals in the xylem and intercellular space, or apoplast, of their cells. Freezing tolerance is induced as a gradual adaptation to low temperature through a process known as cold acclimation, which initiates the transition to prepare for subzero temperatures through alterations in rate of metabolism, hormone levels and sugars.〔Hon, W. C., M. Griffith, A. Mlynarz, Y. C. Kwok, and D. S. Yang. 1995. Antifreze proteins in winter rye are similar to pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Physiology. 109: 879-889.〕 The ability to control intercellular ice formation during freezing is critical to the survival of freeze-tolerant plants.〔Yaish, M. W., A. C. Doxey, B. J. McConkey, B. A. Moffatt, and M. Griffith. 2006. Cold-active winter rye glucanases with ice-binding capacity. Plant Physiology. 141: 1459-1472.〕 If intracellular ice forms, it could be lethal to the plant when adhesion between cellular membranes and walls occur. The process of freezing tolerance through cold acclimation is a two-stage mechanism:〔Thomashow. M. 1998. Role of cold-responsive genes in plant freezing tolerance. Plant Physiology. 118: 11-18.〕 * The first stage occurs at relatively high subzero temperatures as the water present in plant tissues freezes outside the cell. * The second stage occurs at lower temperatures as intercellular ice continues to form. Within the apoplast, antifreeze proteins localize the growth of ice crystals by ice nucleators in order to prevent physical damage to tissues and to promote supercooling within freezing-sensitive tissues and cells. Osmotic stress, including dehydration, high salinity, as well as treatment with abscisic acid, can also enhance freezing tolerance. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Freezing tolerance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.